What Are Dry Wells?

A dry well is an underground storage facility for the disposal of unwanted water accumulated due to storms. Storm water is running off from roofs. It drives away this water in to the ground where it mixes with local ground water. This temporarily stored water released from it via penetration into the surrounding soils. It can be a structural chamber or hollow cavity filled with aggregate. It is specially designed for disposal of roof runoff water that does not carry any solid particles. Due to this reason it does not use for floating solid waste.

Important Features of Dry Wells
It is a kind of simple structure consists of hollow well stuffed with gravel, riprap, rubble and other debris. Such kind of wells is resistant to crumple but have limited storage capacity because of their storage area mostly occupied by stones.

Advance Dry Wells
Concrete cylinders with perforated sides and bottoms are constructed in order to provide resistance against collapse. This in turns increases the storage capacity of well. They are completely buried and do not occupy land area. Concrete cylinder makes it tougher.

How does it Work?
It is a passive structure. It receives water under influence of gravity. You don't need to spend energy to direct the flow of water in well. Number of entry pipes or channels is ranges between one and more than one. Number of small exit openings is present on the large surface area of sides and bottom. These openings are used to release to stored water. It receives water very quickly when ground water pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. After this stage rate of receiving water depends on the rate of water discharge from well. Due to this wells with huge capacity are designed that can store large volumes of water in accelerated way and then dispose it off on gradual basis. Connection between inflow and outflow is always maintained to resist collapse and clogs.

Limitations in Constructing Dry Wells
Size and location of well is dependent on permeability of soils and slopes.
Size of the well is also matters to program its maintenance. Larger wells need less maintenance.
Flatter areas have suitable slope pattern for its construction. Rooftop gutter screens are used to stop leaves and other debris from entering in system.

Parameters of Designing Dry Wells
Storage volume and permeability rate of sub grade soil are considered as important parameters of design. Storage volume must be adequate enough to carry runoff water without overflow. On the other hand good permeability capacity of sub grade soil means that it can able to dispose of stored runoff water within 72 hours.

Conclusion
Dry well is very important structure in any building. Its basic purpose is to reduce the volume of storm water runoff from roofs of building. Covered wells that are used to dispose sewage water is called Cesspool on the other hand open wells that dispose storm water in ground is called Recharge Basin or Infiltration Basin.

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